The R&D Tax Credit

The R&D Tax Credit

A Hidden Gold Mine for Small Manufacturers and Product-Based Businesses

You might be doing more “research and development” than you think – and missing out on valuable tax savings

If you manufacture products, develop new tools, or improve existing processes in your business, you could be sitting on a significant tax opportunity. The Research and Development (R&D) tax credit has been expanded and simplified, making it more accessible than ever for small businesses like yours.

What Exactly Qualifies as R&D?

The IRS definition of qualifying R&D activities is broader than most business owners realize. You don’t need a lab coat or advanced degrees – you just need to be solving technical problems and improving your business processes or products.

Manufacturing Activities That Often Qualify:

  • Developing new products or significantly improving existing ones
  • Creating new manufacturing processes or improving the efficiency of current processes
  • Designing custom tooling, fixtures, or machinery
  • Developing new formulations, recipes, or material compositions
  • Software development for production control or quality systems
  • Prototype development and testing
  • Process automation projects

Retail and Trade Activities That May Qualify:

  • Developing proprietary software systems for inventory, customer management, or operations
  • Creating custom point-of-sale or e-commerce solutions
  • Designing unique display systems or store layouts through systematic testing
  • Developing new service delivery methods or customer experience improvements

Construction and Trades Activities:

  • Developing new installation techniques or methods
  • Creating custom solutions for unique project challenges
  • Designing specialized tools or equipment modifications
  • Developing new material applications or construction methods

The Four-Part Test: Does Your Activity Qualify?

For an activity to qualify for the R&D credit, it must meet all four criteria:

  1. Permitted Purpose: Developing new or improved business components (products, processes, software, techniques, formulas, or inventions)
  2. Technical Uncertainty: You face genuine technical challenges where the solution isn’t readily available or known
  3. Process of Experimentation: You systematically evaluate alternatives through modeling, simulation, testing, or trial and error
  4. Technological in Nature: The process relies on engineering, computer science, biological sciences, or physical sciences principles

Real-World Examples from Our Clients

Metal Fabricator: Claimed $45,000 in credits for developing a new welding technique that reduced material waste by 30%. The systematic testing of different parameters and documentation of results qualified.

Food Manufacturer: Earned $28,000 in credits for reformulating products to meet new dietary requirements while maintaining taste and shelf life. The experimentation with different ingredient combinations was qualified.

Software-Enabled Retailer: Received $52,000 for developing a custom inventory management system that integrated with their unique product mix and supplier relationships.

How Much Could You Save?

The credit can be substantial:

  • General Business Credit: Up to 20% of qualifying R&D expenses
  • Payroll Tax Offset: Small businesses (under $5M revenue, less than 5 years old) can apply up to $250,000 annually against payroll taxes
  • State Credits: Many states offer additional R&D credits that can stack with federal credits

Qualifying expenses include:

  • Employee wages for time spent on R&D activities
  • Supplies used in R&D (materials consumed or transformed during experimentation)
  • Contract research expenses (65% of amounts paid to third parties)
  • Computer rental costs for R&D activities

Getting Started: Documentation is Key

The most important step is proper documentation. Start tracking:

  • Project descriptions with technical objectives and uncertainties
  • Time records for employees working on qualifying activities
  • Expense records for materials and supplies used
  • Documentation of alternatives considered and testing performed
  • Records of failures and iterations (these strengthen your claim)

When to Reach Out for Help

Consider professional assistance from a tax accountant if:

  • You’re unsure whether your activities qualify
  • You haven’t claimed the credit in previous years (you can amend returns for up to 3 years)
  • You’re planning significant product development or process improvement projects
  • You want to implement systems to maximize future credits

Don’t Leave Money on the Table

Many small businesses miss out on this credit because they don’t recognize their everyday problem-solving and improvement activities as qualifying R&D. The expanded credit rules make it easier than ever to claim, and the payroll tax offset option provides immediate cash flow benefits for growing businesses.

The key is to start documenting your qualifying activities now, even if you plan to claim the credit later. Good documentation is the foundation of a successful R&D credit claim.


Ready to explore whether your business qualifies for R&D credits? Contact our office to schedule a consultation. We’ll review your activities, help you identify qualifying expenses, and determine the best strategy for maximizing your credits. Don’t let valuable tax savings slip through your fingers – reach out today.

Christine Gervais

Christine Gervais is a licensed CPA, using her skills to help businesses grow and achieve their fullest potential. Christine has a Master’s degree in accounting from Southern New Hampshire University in addition to holding her CPA license for over a decade. Notably, Christine is a nationally recognized speaker providing education to other CPAs on how to best serve clients as well as instruction on a wide variety of topics for business owners on how to maximize success. Christine prides herself on the value she can bring to clients with her extensive tax knowledge and provides strategic, forward-thinking financial strategies to help clients grow. When not behind her desk, you can find Christine spending quality time with her daughter and stepson or tending to the family’s excessively loved farm animals.

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At Cultivate Consulting Group, we understand that you want to achieve lasting financial stability that leads to the legacy you envision for your company and family. The problem is traditional CPA firms are not known for proactive communication, which leads to uncertainty when it comes to your business’s tax efficiency and financial standing.

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